Shih Tzu Breed Information
The Shih Tzu isn’t just a lapdog — it’s a legacy. Known for its long, flowing coat and wide-eyed expression, this small breed carries centuries of history and affection in its petite frame. Originally bred to warm the laps of Chinese royalty, the Shih Tzu has evolved into a beloved companion around the world — equally happy perched on a velvet pillow or trotting down the sidewalk with purpose.
One of the first things people notice about the Shih Tzu is their presence. They may be small — usually weighing between 9 and 16 pounds — but they carry themselves with unmistakable poise. There’s a dignity in the way they move, a softness in the way they look at you, and a whole lot of personality packed into their compact body. They don’t bark just to hear their own voice, and they don’t run wild through the house — unless they’re chasing a favorite toy with sudden, silly energy.
This breed is often described as affectionate, loyal, and adaptable, and it’s all true — but there’s more to the story. Shih Tzus have a strong intuitive side. They’re emotionally aware, often responding to your moods with surprising empathy. They know when to curl up quietly and when to nudge you for a smile. This makes them wonderful companions not only for families but also for singles, seniors, and anyone craving a little emotional warmth wrapped in fur.
Their origins are regal, but their heart is humble. While they were once prized for their beauty in palace courts, today’s Shih Tzus are loved for their companionship above all else. They’re not demanding — just devoted. They don’t need constant activity — just your company. And once they bond with you, it’s for life.
The Shih Tzu may come with a glamorous reputation, but at their core, they’re grounded, loving, and endlessly endearing. In a world that moves fast, this little dog offers a gentle reminder: slow down, snuggle up, and stay present.
BREED TYPE / MIX
Purebred
ENERGY
Moderate
SHEDDING
Minimum
TRAINING
Determined
TEMPERAMENT
Affectionate, Courageous, Friendly, Sweet
ADULT WEIGHT
9-16 lbs
ADULT HEIGHT
8-11 in
LIFE SPAN
11-14 yrs
Characteristics
- Small Frame, Solid Build - Shih Tzus typically weigh between 9 and 16 pounds and stand about 9 to 10.5 inches tall at the shoulder. Despite their petite stature, they’re sturdy and well-proportioned, built more like a tank than a twig.
- A Coat with Royal Flair - Known for their long, luxurious double coat, Shih Tzus can grow hair that flows to the floor — though many owners opt for shorter, more practical styles. Their hair can be silky, dense, or slightly wavy, and it comes in a wide variety of colors and markings.
- Eyes That Speak Volumes - Large, round, and expressive, a Shih Tzu’s eyes often seem to reflect what they’re feeling. They’re one of the breed’s most captivating features and a big part of the emotional connection people form with them.
- Sweet but Stubborn - Shih Tzus are friendly and affectionate, but they do have a streak of independence. They’re not pushovers, and they sometimes pretend they don’t hear commands — even when they do.
- People-Oriented to the Core - This breed thrives on companionship. Whether you’re doing chores or relaxing on the couch, your Shih Tzu wants to be right there with you. They form close bonds and are happiest in homes where someone is often around.
- Low-Shedding, High-Maintenance - While Shih Tzus are considered a low-shedding breed, their grooming needs are significant. Without regular brushing, their hair can mat easily, especially around the face, ears, and legs.
- Laid-Back with Playful Bursts - They’re not high-energy dogs, but they do enjoy short play sessions and walks. Most are content with a few zoomies in the living room followed by a long nap.
- Alert, but Not Yappy - Shih Tzus will bark to alert you of something new — a knock at the door, a squirrel outside — but they’re not known for constant barking. Early training helps keep their vocal tendencies in check.
- Adaptable and Even-Tempered - Whether in a city apartment or a suburban home, Shih Tzus adjust easily. They get along well with kids, other pets, and visitors, as long as their environment is calm and respectful.
Appearance
The Shih Tzu is unmistakable in a crowd. With their flowing coat, wide-set eyes, and compact stature, they bring a touch of elegance everywhere they go — whether strutting through a dog show ring or lounging in your living room. Their look is distinctive and deeply rooted in their royal heritage, but there’s more to their appearance than glamour alone.
Shih Tzus are classified as a toy dog breed, typically weighing between 9 to 16 pounds and standing 9 to 10.5 inches tall. They have a solid, rectangular frame with a slightly longer body than they are tall, giving them a well-grounded, balanced silhouette. Despite their small size, they’re built with substance — sturdy without being bulky.
One of their most defining features is their face. The Shih Tzu has a short, broad muzzle, often referred to as brachycephalic, meaning their nose and face are flatter than average. This contributes to their sweet, wide-eyed expression — a look that seems to be part wisdom, part curiosity. Their eyes are large, round, and dark, set well apart and positioned to give a gentle, friendly gaze.
The coat is where the Shih Tzu truly shines. Naturally long and flowing, their double coat can reach the ground when left untrimmed. It’s dense, smooth, and comes in nearly every color imaginable — including gold, white, black, liver, brindle, gray, and various combinations. Some dogs have symmetrical masks, while others sport tuxedo-like markings or shaded saddles across the back. The color possibilities are endless, and they often evolve as the dog matures.
Because the Shih Tzu’s coat grows continuously, many owners choose to keep it trimmed in a “puppy cut” — a more manageable style that highlights the breed’s teddy bear-like charm. Whether long or short, regular grooming is key to keeping their coat healthy, tangle-free, and beautiful.
Their ears are large and drop down, blending into the side of the head with long hair that adds to their rounded, soft look. The tail curls up and over the back in a graceful plume, often draped with feathering that matches the rest of the coat.
When you put it all together — the dignified carriage, the expressive eyes, the flowing coat — the Shih Tzu’s appearance is one of harmony and charm. But beneath the beauty lies a dog who’s just as content being your shadow at home as they are catching compliments on a walk. Regal, yes. But always approachable.
Temperament
If there’s one word that captures the Shih Tzu temperament, it’s devoted. These little dogs were bred for companionship — not for guarding, herding, or working — and it shows in every glance, tail wag, and soft nuzzle. They don’t just live in your home; they find their place in your heart and stay there.
Shih Tzus are naturally affectionate and people-oriented. They thrive on human interaction and often form tight bonds with everyone in the household — not just one favorite. Whether you’re a single adult, part of a bustling family, or a retiree seeking a loyal sidekick, this breed fits in easily and comfortably. They’re gentle with kids, respectful with seniors, and usually welcoming to visitors once they get a read on the energy in the room.
Despite their pampered appearance, Shih Tzus have a confident, sometimes cheeky personality. They’re curious but not pushy, alert but rarely aggressive. While they will bark to announce someone at the door, they’re not known for excessive vocalizing when properly socialized. That balance of calm presence and light-hearted playfulness makes them easy to live with in homes of all sizes — especially apartments or close quarters.
Their laid-back nature doesn’t mean they’re lazy. Shih Tzus enjoy interactive play, short walks, and even a game of tug or puzzle toy sessions. But they also know how to wind down, and many will happily curl up next to you for a nap without any complaint. They don’t need constant motion to be content — just your presence, a soft spot to rest, and the occasional treat never hurts.
What sets them apart from some other toy breeds is their emotional intelligence. Shih Tzus are observant and often mirror the mood of their home. If you’re feeling energetic, they’re ready to follow along. If it’s been a long day and you just want to relax, they’ll match your pace without hesitation. This emotional awareness makes them especially suited to therapeutic roles or calm companions for individuals needing steady, non-judgmental support.
That said, they can have a stubborn streak — a trait inherited from their imperial roots, no doubt. They don’t respond well to harsh training methods or raised voices, but they flourish with positive reinforcement, patience, and consistency. Once trust is built, they’re more than willing to listen — and to show off the tricks they’ve learned.
In the end, the Shih Tzu’s temperament is all about connection. They may have once belonged to emperors, but today, they just want to belong to you. They’re loyal, intuitive, quietly funny, and endlessly comforting — the kind of companion who stays close not just out of habit, but out of love.
Care
Grooming
When it comes to Shih Tzu grooming, let’s just say: this is not a wash-and-go kind of dog. With a flowing double coat that can rival show dogs — and a natural tendency toward tangling and matting — grooming is a central part of Shih Tzu care. But don’t let that intimidate you. With the right rhythm and tools, grooming becomes less of a chore and more of a bonding routine.
At its full length, a Shih Tzu’s coat is long, straight, and dense. That beautiful hair may sweep the floor, but it also sweeps up dust, dirt, and tangles — especially if left unmanaged. Most pet owners opt for a “puppy cut” or teddy bear trim, which keeps the coat short and much easier to maintain. This style highlights their big round eyes and expressive face, making them look perpetually cheerful and cuddly.
Brushing is essential — even with a shorter cut. A quick daily brush (or every other day at minimum) helps prevent knots, removes debris, and keeps the coat shiny and soft. Use a pin brush or slicker brush to work through the top layers and a comb for delicate areas like under the eyes, behind the ears, and around the legs.
Bathing should be done every 3 to 4 weeks, though some Shih Tzus need it a bit more often depending on skin sensitivity, coat length, and how much time they spend outdoors. Always use a dog-specific, moisturizing shampoo — ideally one that’s gentle and hypoallergenic. Follow up with a conditioner to make brushing easier and reduce breakage.
Their face and eye area need special attention. With their short muzzle and large eyes, Shih Tzus are prone to tear staining and minor skin irritation. Gently wipe around the eyes daily with a clean, damp cloth or a vet-approved wipe to prevent buildup and keep the area clean.
Shih Tzus are also one of those breeds where ear care and dental care can’t be skipped. Their drop ears can trap moisture, leading to mild infections if not cleaned regularly. A weekly ear check and gentle cleaning with a vet-recommended solution will go a long way. And because small breeds tend to struggle with dental issues, brushing their teeth a few times a week — and scheduling regular cleanings — is just as important as brushing their coat.
Don’t forget about nail trims. Every 3 to 4 weeks is usually ideal. If you can hear their nails clicking on the floor, it’s time.
Exercise Needs
The Shih Tzu might not be a trail-running, frisbee-catching breed — but don’t mistake their relaxed nature for laziness. While they’re best known for their laid-back charm, Shih Tzus still need daily movement to stay happy, healthy, and balanced. It’s less about endurance and more about consistency.
Because of their compact size and moderate energy level, 20 to 30 minutes of daily activity is typically enough to meet their needs. This can be spread out across a few short walks, some indoor playtime, and the occasional burst of zoomies in the hallway or backyard. These dogs aren't built for high-impact workouts, but they’re more than happy to trot alongside you on a short stroll or bat a plush toy around the living room.
What makes Shih Tzus especially well-suited to a variety of homes — apartments, condos, or houses — is their adaptability. They’re just as content exploring a neighborhood sidewalk as they are investigating a safe, enclosed yard. That said, they’re not the kind of dog who can be left to entertain themselves outdoors. They prefer your company, and their short snouts mean they’re sensitive to heat and humidity — a quick outdoor break in the morning and evening works best on hot days.
Indoor play is often enough to satisfy their energy, especially in smaller spaces. A few rounds of gentle tug-of-war, fetch with a soft toy, or following you from room to room gives them a chance to move without overdoing it. Puzzle toys and interactive feeders also help engage their mind, which is just as important as physical exercise for this smart and curious breed.
Because Shih Tzus were bred as companion dogs, their exercise routine also serves another purpose: connection. They don’t just want to move — they want to move with you. A walk becomes a shared ritual. A game becomes a conversation. These moments, though brief, strengthen the bond between you and your dog.
Of course, every Shih Tzu is different. Some are playful and puppy-like well into adulthood, while others prefer the slow and steady route. Pay attention to their cues. If they’re slowing down or seem uninterested, they may just need a shorter walk or a different kind of game. If they get bursts of energy in the evening, add in a little play before dinner. It’s all about finding the rhythm that fits your dog’s personality.
Health
The Shih Tzu is generally a robust little dog, especially considering their small size and luxurious coat. With proper care, regular checkups, and a balanced lifestyle, most Shih Tzus enjoy a long, comfortable life. But like any breed — especially those with distinct physical features — they come with a few health considerations that are worth understanding upfront.
One of the most notable traits of the breed is their brachycephalic face — meaning they have a short muzzle and flat facial structure. While undeniably adorable, this facial shape can come with respiratory challenges, especially in hot, humid weather. You may notice snorting, snoring, or labored breathing after exertion. To manage this, it’s best to limit exercise during heatwaves and always make sure your Shih Tzu has access to cool, shaded rest areas.
Their large, expressive eyes are another hallmark of the breed — and another area that needs extra care. Because their eyes are slightly more exposed, they can be prone to dry eye, irritation, or mild infections. Daily cleaning around the eyes with a soft cloth or dog-safe wipe can help remove debris and reduce staining. Any signs of redness, cloudiness, or excessive tearing should prompt a quick vet visit.
Shih Tzus also have a tendency toward ear infections, especially if their floppy ears trap moisture or hair growth blocks air circulation. Regular ear checks and gentle cleaning help prevent buildup and catch early signs of discomfort. Groomers often trim excess ear hair as part of the regular maintenance routine.
Another health area to watch is their teeth. Like many small breeds, Shih Tzus are prone to dental disease, including plaque buildup and gum inflammation. Consistent brushing at home — at least a few times a week — along with annual professional cleanings, goes a long way in keeping their mouth healthy and their breath fresh.
Mild allergies can also occur, usually presenting as itchy skin, licking at paws, or seasonal flare-ups. These are often managed with diet adjustments, vet-approved shampoos, or supplements like omega-3 fatty acids to support skin health.
As they age, some Shih Tzus may experience joint stiffness or patellar luxation (a loose kneecap that may cause momentary limping). This is usually mild and manageable through weight control, joint supplements, or low-impact exercise routines.
Despite these potential issues, the Shih Tzu’s overall health outlook is very positive — especially when their needs are met with consistency. Regular vet visits, a high-quality diet, mental stimulation, and a clean, calm home environment can all contribute to long-term wellness and comfort.
Lifespan
The Shih Tzu is one of those breeds that truly sticks around — not just in memory, but in life. With the right care and a bit of luck, many Shih Tzus enjoy a lifespan of 10 to 16 years, with a good number reaching well into their teens. Their long life expectancy is part of what makes them such cherished companions — they have the time to become woven into your everyday rhythms, your routines, and your heart.
Several factors contribute to the breed’s longevity. First, their small size works in their favor. Smaller dogs often live longer than their larger counterparts, and the Shih Tzu is no exception. Their modest weight puts less stress on joints and organs, helping them stay active and mobile well into adulthood.
Their balanced temperament also plays a role. Shih Tzus are generally low-stress dogs. They’re not overly reactive, and they’re not the kind to push their physical limits. This calm, adaptable nature contributes to a steady lifestyle — one where energy is conserved, not constantly spent in high drive.
Maintaining a long and healthy life starts with consistent wellness care. Routine vet checkups — usually twice a year — help catch small concerns before they become larger problems. Preventive measures like vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and weight management all help extend both the quality and length of life.
Nutrition matters, too. Feeding a high-quality dog food formulated for small breeds helps support everything from bone health to digestion. Some Shih Tzus may benefit from omega-rich diets to support skin, coat, and joint function — especially if they’re naturally prone to dryness or stiffness.
Equally important is mental stimulation. Shih Tzus are emotionally attuned and thrive in interactive households. Engaging toys, gentle games, daily conversation (yes, they notice your tone), and inclusion in the family’s routine all keep them mentally sharp and emotionally fulfilled.
Of course, every Shih Tzu is an individual. Genetics, environment, and daily lifestyle all play a role in how long they live. But with love, structure, and the right kind of care, you can expect a loyal, soft-eyed companion who’s by your side for many, many meaningful years.
Training
Training a Shih Tzu is a bit like teaching a clever, slightly stubborn friend — they can do it, and they’ll do it well, as long as it feels worth their time. With roots as royal lapdogs, Shih Tzus weren’t bred to herd livestock or retrieve game — they were bred to keep people company. That means their motivation leans heavily toward praise, companionship, and gentle consistency.
The good news? They’re smart and observant, picking up on patterns quickly. The challenge? They’re also known for having an independent streak. If something doesn’t interest them, they may pretend they didn’t hear you — or give you a look that says, “Maybe later.” But don’t be fooled: this is not a difficult breed to train — just one that benefits from the right approach.
Positive reinforcement is the cornerstone of successful Shih Tzu training. Use treats, kind words, and enthusiastic praise to reward good behavior. They respond well to a cheerful tone and quickly recognize when their actions bring about good results. Harsh discipline, on the other hand, can cause them to shut down or dig in their heels, especially if it comes out of frustration.
Start with the basics — sit, stay, come, and leave it — and keep sessions short, upbeat, and consistent. These dogs thrive on routine, so practicing at the same times each day, even just for 10 to 15 minutes, creates structure they can follow.
House training is often the area that requires the most patience. Like many toy breeds, Shih Tzus have small bladders and need frequent trips outside, especially during puppyhood. Crate training, pee pad use (especially for apartment dwellers), and a set potty schedule help build reliable habits over time.
Socialization is another essential layer. Shih Tzus are naturally sociable, but they benefit greatly from early exposure to new sights, sounds, people, and pets. This helps prevent nervousness or reactivity and shapes a confident, relaxed adult dog. Puppy classes, neighborhood walks, or short visits to friends’ homes can all help build positive associations.
They may not be eager to perform just for the sake of it, but they love being involved. Use training as a way to connect, challenge them mentally, and reinforce the bond between you. Many Shih Tzus enjoy learning tricks, puzzle games, or even light agility work tailored to their pace and build.
One final tip? Patience is your best training tool. Shih Tzus are slow to anger but equally slow to rush. Give them space to learn, offer rewards they care about, and keep the vibe light and loving. What you’ll find is a dog who wants to listen — not because they have to, but because they want to.
History
The Shih Tzu may be a toy dog by size, but their history is anything but small. Often referred to as a “little lion dog”, the Shih Tzu has long been associated with elegance, companionship, and royalty — particularly within Chinese imperial courts. Their roots trace back over a thousand years, making them one of the most historically significant companion breeds still thriving in homes today.
Though the exact timeline is debated, most historians agree that the Shih Tzu originated in ancient Tibet, where they were bred by monks and gifted to Chinese nobility. These dogs were likely developed by crossing Lhasa Apsos (Tibetan sentinel dogs) with Pekingese, producing a new breed with a compact frame, lavish coat, and deeply affectionate temperament. The name “Shih Tzu” literally translates to “lion” in Mandarin, linking the breed to the lion-like imagery revered in Chinese art and culture.
Once in the Chinese court, the Shih Tzu became a favored lapdog of emperors and empresses, especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They were kept as pampered palace pets, often living within royal quarters and cared for by dedicated attendants. Breeding was highly selective — not for performance or work, but for beauty, companionship, and charm. Unlike working dogs, the Shih Tzu’s sole “job” was to keep their people company — a role they still excel at today.
For centuries, the breed remained largely unknown to the outside world, carefully guarded within palace walls. It wasn’t until the early 20th century that Shih Tzus began appearing outside of China. British soldiers and diplomats stationed in the East brought some of these prized pups back to England, where their popularity slowly grew. From there, they made their way to North America.
In the United States, the breed gained traction in the 1950s and 60s, particularly among dog enthusiasts looking for a loving, apartment-sized companion with a regal edge. The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the Shih Tzu in 1969, and it has remained a fan favorite ever since — often ranking within the top 20 most popular breeds in the U.S.
Today, the Shih Tzu’s royal roots may show in their proud posture and flowing coat, but their role has never changed. Whether in a palace or a studio apartment, they are still, at heart, a people-centered dog. Their history adds depth to their charm — a living link to ancient companionship, now happily modernized for 21st-century life.