Dachshund Breed Info
The Dachshund is a small, confident dog with a long body, short legs, and a look that’s instantly recognizable. Often called a “wiener dog” or “sausage dog,” this breed brings more than just a unique shape—it carries a big personality in a compact frame. Spirited and clever, the Dachshund was originally bred to hunt badgers and other burrowing animals, and it still shows that bold streak today.
Dachshunds come in two sizes—standard and miniature—and three coat types: smooth, longhaired, and wirehaired. Each variety has its own charm, but they all share the same lively expression, curious nature, and deep loyalty to their families. These dogs love to be involved in daily life and rarely let a moment pass without joining in.
Despite their size, Dachshunds are brave, alert, and full of energy. They form strong attachments to their people and enjoy being part of the action, whether it’s going for a walk, chasing a squeaky toy, or curling up under a blanket. Their mix of independence and affection makes them a favorite for anyone looking for a dog with character, warmth, and a whole lot of heart.
BREED TYPE / MIX
Purebred
ENERGY
Moderate
SHEDDING
Average
TRAINING
Responsive
TEMPERAMENT
Spunky, Enthusiastic, Affectionate, Friendly
ADULT WEIGHT
Mini 8-11 lbs, Standard 16-32 lbs
ADULT HEIGHT
Mini 5-6 in, Standard 8-9 in
LIFE SPAN
12-16 yrs
Characteristics
- Bold and confident – Dachshunds carry themselves with courage and independence. They don’t hesitate to explore or speak up when something catches their attention.
- Loyal and people-oriented – They form strong bonds with their families and often develop a close attachment to one person in particular.
- Playful and curious – With their sharp senses and hunting background, Dachshunds enjoy games, puzzles, and anything that sparks their interest.
- Compact but strong – Their small frame hides a sturdy build and surprising endurance. They handle short bursts of activity well and love a good challenge.
- Alert and vocal – Dachshunds have a keen sense of hearing and don’t hold back from barking when they notice something unusual.
- Independent thinkers – They learn quickly but like to do things their own way. Patience and consistency are key during training.
- Good with older children – They enjoy play and companionship but do best with respectful handling, especially due to their long backs.
- Adaptable in different homes – Whether in an apartment or a house with a yard, they settle in as long as they get attention and exercise.
- Protective by nature – Dachshunds may act reserved around strangers and often take on a little watchdog role, despite their size.
Appearance
The Dachshund has a look unlike any other breed. Its long, low body, short legs, and expressive face make it instantly recognizable. Originally designed for hunting underground game, every part of the Dachshund’s frame reflects purpose—from its deep chest to its strong, paddle-like feet built for digging.
Dachshunds come in two sizes: the standard, which typically weighs between 16 and 32 pounds, and the miniature, which usually stays under 11 pounds. Both sizes share the same proportions—long back, low-set build, and well-developed muscles that give them surprising power for their height.
There are three coat types:
- Smooth-coated Dachshunds have short, shiny fur that lies flat and gives them a sleek appearance.
- Longhaired Dachshunds feature soft, flowing fur around the ears, chest, and legs
- Wirehaired Dachshunds have a dense, rough coat with bushy eyebrows and a distinctive beard,
The breed comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns. Common shades include red, black and tan, cream, chocolate, and dapple. Some Dachshunds also display brindle or piebald markings, adding even more individuality to their look.
The head is slightly arched, with a long, tapered muzzle and dark, almond-shaped eyes full of curiosity and intelligence. Their long, floppy ears hang close to the cheeks and frame the face in a way that softens their confident expression. The tail is carried in line with the back and moves with energy, especially when the dog is excited or on alert.
Despite their size, Dachshunds carry themselves with purpose and presence. Their unique silhouette, expressive features, and bold stance make them stand out in any crowd.
Temperament
The Dachshund may be small, but its personality is anything but. This breed is lively, bold, and full of character. Originally bred to track and chase badgers through underground tunnels, the Dachshund still carries the fearless nature of its working roots. That drive shows up today in their confidence, persistence, and curiosity.
Dachshunds form close bonds with their families and thrive on companionship. They tend to pick a favorite person and stay nearby, often following them from room to room. They enjoy being part of the action and don’t like being left out for long stretches. When given the attention they crave, they stay cheerful, affectionate, and engaged.
This breed is known for its alertness. Dachshunds notice everything—from a knock at the door to the sound of a treat bag opening—and aren’t shy about letting their owners know. They often bark to announce visitors or call for attention, making them reliable little watchdogs. While their bark is deeper than many expect, early training helps manage it so it doesn’t become a habit.
They have a strong sense of independence. Dachshunds like to make their own decisions and can be a little headstrong at times. But with consistency and a calm, confident approach, they respond well to direction. They enjoy problem-solving and tend to stay engaged when training feels like a game.
With children, Dachshunds do well when play stays gentle and respectful. Their long backs are sensitive, so rough handling or games that involve a lot of jumping should be avoided. They do best in homes where children understand how to treat animals with care and patience.
Around other dogs, Dachshunds are often friendly, especially when raised with them. However, their hunting instincts may come out around small animals or birds, so supervision is important in those situations. Early socialization helps them adjust to different environments, people, and pets without fear or reactivity.
At home, they’re affectionate and enjoy quiet time just as much as play. They often burrow under blankets or find a sunny spot to nap.
Care
Grooming
The Dachshund’s grooming needs vary based on coat type, but all three varieties benefit from regular care to keep them clean, healthy, and looking their best. Whether smooth, longhaired, or wirehaired, grooming also provides a chance to check for skin irritation, bumps, or anything unusual.
Smooth-coated Dachshunds are the lowest maintenance of the three. Their short, sleek fur needs a quick brushing once or twice a week to remove loose hair and keep the coat shiny. A soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt works well for this type. They don’t carry much odor and only need occasional baths unless they get into something messy.
Longhaired Dachshunds require more attention. Their soft, flowing coat tangles easily, especially around the ears, legs, chest, and tail. Brushing several times a week helps prevent mats and keeps the coat free of debris. A slicker brush or a comb designed for long coats makes the job easier. Regular trims may also be needed to keep feathered areas neat and clean.
Wirehaired Dachshunds have a dense, rough coat with a soft underlayer. This variety benefits from weekly brushing and occasional hand-stripping to remove dead hair and maintain texture. Some wirehaired Dachshunds also benefit from professional grooming a few times a year, especially to tidy up the beard, eyebrows, and body coat.
In addition to coat care, all Dachshunds need regular ear checks and cleaning. Their long, floppy ears can trap moisture and lead to infections. A simple wipe with a dog-safe ear cleaner once a week keeps things under control.
Nail trimming should be done every three to four weeks. When nails get too long, they can change the way a dog walks and cause discomfort—especially in a breed with such a low build. Most Dachshunds also benefit from paw hair trimming to reduce slipping on hard floors.
Dental care is important, too. Dachshunds are prone to plaque buildup, so brushing their teeth several times a week—or using vet-approved dental chews—helps maintain oral health and keeps their breath fresh.
Exercise Needs
The Dachshund may have short legs, but it still needs regular exercise to stay fit, focused, and emotionally balanced. This breed carries a surprising amount of energy and curiosity for its size, and a daily routine of movement helps prevent restlessness or behavior problems at home.
Most adult Dachshunds benefit from 30 to 45 minutes of activity each day, split between walks, play, and light indoor movement. A couple of short walks in the morning and evening, paired with interactive playtime, helps meet their physical and mental needs. They enjoy exploring their environment, sniffing along trails, and following scents—remnants of their hunting heritage that still show up in everyday life.
Indoor games like fetch, hide-and-seek, or puzzle toys also work well, especially when space is limited. Dachshunds enjoy chasing balls, tugging toys, and searching for hidden treats. These types of play help burn energy and keep their minds sharp.
That said, care should be taken not to overdo it—especially with high-impact activities. Due to their long backs, Dachshunds should avoid jumping from high places, running up and down stairs frequently, or playing rough games that strain the spine. Controlled movement on soft surfaces and supervised outdoor play are ideal.
Social interaction also counts as stimulation. Playdates with other dogs, gentle training sessions, and time spent walking in new areas provide fresh experiences and help reduce boredom. Dachshunds enjoy novelty and variety in small doses, which keeps them engaged and mentally satisfied.
Without enough exercise, they may become vocal, stubborn, or develop habits like digging or chewing. But with a balanced routine, they stay calmer, more cooperative, and better behaved overall.
Health
The Dachshund is a generally healthy breed, but it does have a few specific health concerns that owners should be aware of—especially those related to its distinctive body shape. With good care, a balanced diet, and regular checkups, most Dachshunds enjoy a long and active life.
The most common health issue in this breed is intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Because of their long spine and short ribcage, Dachshunds are more prone to spinal problems than other dogs. IVDD can range from mild discomfort to more serious cases involving nerve damage. Avoiding activities that strain the back—like jumping on furniture or running up stairs—helps reduce the risk. Supportive harnesses and ramps also make everyday movement safer.
Obesity adds extra pressure on the spine and joints, making weight management critical for this breed. A healthy diet, measured portions, and regular activity keep the dog in good shape and help prevent stress-related injuries.
Dental health is another area that requires attention. Dachshunds often experience plaque buildup and gum issues, which can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Brushing several times a week, along with dental chews and vet cleanings, supports long-term oral health.
They may also be prone to ear infections, particularly if the ears are not cleaned regularly. The long, low-hanging ears trap moisture and debris, which can lead to irritation or infection if not managed. Weekly checks and gentle cleaning help keep the ears dry and clear.
Other conditions sometimes seen in the breed include allergies, hypothyroidism, and patellar luxation, though these tend to be less common. Regular vet visits, including screenings for breed-specific risks, allow owners to catch any changes early and stay ahead of potential problems.
When responsibly bred and well cared for, Dachshunds enjoy good health and a steady quality of life well into their senior years.
Lifespan
The Dachshund is known for its impressive longevity, with many living well into their teens. On average, this breed lives between 12 and 16 years, with some even reaching 17 or 18 when given proper care and a stable home environment.
Their long lifespan reflects both their sturdy build and their adaptable nature. Dachshunds settle comfortably into routines and thrive in homes where their needs stay consistent. Daily walks, structured feeding, and regular vet visits all contribute to a long, healthy life.
As they age, Dachshunds may slow down, rest more often, or become less tolerant of stairs or vigorous activity. Supporting them through these changes makes a big difference. Simple adjustments—like soft bedding, shorter walks, or adding ramps to favorite resting spots—help them stay comfortable and independent.
Regular checkups become even more important in the senior years. Annual exams may shift to twice a year, and small changes in weight, behavior, or appetite should be noted early. With good communication between owner and vet, most age-related issues can be managed before they become serious.
Training
The Dachshund is intelligent and quick to learn, but it also comes with a streak of independence that can challenge even experienced dog owners. This breed likes to think for itself and often tests boundaries to see what it can get away with. With a steady routine, clear expectations, and plenty of patience, training becomes both achievable and rewarding.
Start early with basic commands like sit, stay, come, and leave it. Dachshunds respond best to positive reinforcement—gentle praise, treats, and encouragement go a lot farther than harsh correction. They’re sensitive to tone and may shut down if training feels too forceful or repetitive.
House training may take time, especially with miniature Dachshunds. Consistency is key. Regular bathroom breaks, close supervision, and a set feeding schedule help them build good habits. Crate training often works well and provides a safe, familiar space when the dog needs to rest or stay contained.
Socialization is another major part of early training. Dachshunds can become wary of strangers or overly protective if they don’t have positive exposure to new people, pets, and environments. Introducing new experiences in a calm, gradual way helps build confidence and reduces reactivity as they grow.
Leash training also deserves attention. Though small, Dachshunds have strong instincts to chase and follow scents. A secure harness, consistent direction, and focused practice help prevent pulling or wandering. Short, positive walks in low-distraction areas lay the groundwork for better leash behavior over time.
Mental stimulation adds balance. Puzzle toys, short obedience sessions, and scent-based games all keep the dog engaged and satisfied. Boredom can lead to barking, digging, or stubborn behavior, so regular interaction makes a big difference.
While Dachshunds may not always aim to please, they do aim to participate. With firm but friendly leadership, they settle into good habits and become respectful, cooperative companions.
History
The Dachshund has a long and well-documented history that stretches back several centuries. The breed originated in Germany, where it was developed as a hunting dog with a very specific purpose: tracking and flushing out badgers and other burrowing animals. The name “Dachshund” itself means “badger dog” in German—dachs meaning badger and hund meaning dog.
Early versions of the breed appeared as far back as the 15th century, but by the 1600s, German hunters had begun refining the Dachshund into the form we recognize today. They needed a dog that was low to the ground, brave enough to enter dark tunnels, and strong enough to hold its own against aggressive prey. The result was a dog with a long, muscular body, a deep chest for stamina, and strong front legs built for digging.
Over time, breeders developed different coat types to suit different terrain. The smooth-coated Dachshund worked best in warmer climates and open fields. The longhaired variety was better suited for colder weather, while the wirehaired version was bred for rough, brushy areas that required more protection.
By the 19th century, the breed had gained popularity beyond Germany, especially in England. It was used not only for hunting small game like rabbits and foxes, but also as a companion dog for royalty and nobility. Queen Victoria was known to be especially fond of the breed, which helped boost its popularity across Europe.
The Dachshund made its way to the United States in the late 1800s, and the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the breed in 1885. Although the breed’s German origins led to a temporary dip in popularity during World Wars I and II, its charm and adaptability helped it rebound quickly.
Today, the Dachshund remains one of the most beloved breeds around the world. Whether smooth, longhaired, or wirehaired—standard or miniature—it carries the same blend of courage, curiosity, and charm that has made it a favorite for generations.